Thaicom.5@ 78.5E
Sun Channel SD
TP.3800 H 30000
MPEG.2/Biss
SID.705 / 2C1
Key. 7275 2A11 CF31 1919
MAX 2 Test card on
Intelsat.20@ 68.5E
In MPEG4 Pay mode
TP.3900 H 13400
Satellite Communication
Introduction
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Satellite ?????? ???????????? telecommunication ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ?? ???????? Mobile application ????????????? ????.. ???????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? TV/Radio ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????????????? ?????????????
1) Weather Forecasting
2)Radio and TV Broadcast
3)Military Purpose
4)Navigation
5)Global Telephone
6)Connecting Remote Areas
7)Global Mobile communication ??? ???????????????????
8) Internet ????????
???????? ???? ?????????? services ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? Satellite ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????????????????? Coverage area ??? Footprint ???? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? Footprint ??? ????????????? satellite ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????? Footprint ???????? ??????????? ????? satellite ??? power ????????????? bandwidth ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? Ground Station ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????????
Satellite ????? ?? ????????????? ????? ???????? Focused ????????????? Data Transmissions ?????? ??????????????????????????? ????? Focused ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? Frequency Spectrum ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????
Satellite ??? Antenna ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? Design ????????????????????????? Satellite ???????????? design ?? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????
Satellite ????? ?????? ?????????????
----------------------------------------------------------------
Satellite ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? Microwave Repeater ?????????? Transponder ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? Satellites 750 ???????? ???????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????? Communication ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? communication ???????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????? Satellite Communication ?? ???????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? Footprint Area ??? Satellite ?? Relay ????? ????????????? Point to Point (or) Point to Multi-point ???????????????? ????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????????? station ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????????????? ? ?????????????? satellite ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? Station A ?? Satellite ???? Transmission ??? Uplink ??????????? Satellite ??? Transponder ?? convert ???????????? ????? Station B ??? signal ????????????????? ???????? Downlink ???? ?????????
Satellites ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????? (?????????) ?????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????????? satellites ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????????????????
Fg (attractive force) = m.g.(R/r)2 (gravity equals)
Fc (centrifugal force) = m.r.w2 (Trying to pull satellite away equals)
Variables ???????? �.
m = mass of satellite
R = radius of earth ; R=6,370 km
r = distance of satellite to the center of the earth
g = acceleration of gravity ; g =9.81 m/s2
w = angular velocity ; w=2pf ; f is the frequency of rotation;
??????????????
Satellite ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? Fg=Fc
?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????????????? r = distance of satellite of ther center of the earth ??? ????????? formula ????? r=(g.R^2/(2pf)^2 ) 1)/3 ????????????????? rotation frequency ????? ??????????????????? ??????????? formula ??????????
Type of Satellites base on orbits
-------------------------------------------------------------
Satellite ????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ???????? (?) ????? ??????????????????
1) Geostationary or geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO)
2) Low Earth Orbit (LEO satellites )
3) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO satellites)
?) Geostationary or geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO)
====================================
GEO satellites ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????????? GEO Satellite ???????? footprint ?? ??????????? ??.? % ??????? GEO Satellites ?????? ?????? ???????????????????? Coverage ??????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? GEO ????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????? ????????? Satellite ??? ?????????????? ????????? TV/Radio ???????????????? ? ???????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? Telephone Networks ?????? Backbones ??? ???????? ?????????????????? ?
?????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ????????? (Low elevation) ??? ?????? Signal ??????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????????? coverage ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? GEO ?????? Mobile Phones ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????? Transmit ???????? Battery Power ??????????????????????? ?????????????????? Signal ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? Delay ????? ????????????? ????????????? Special Antenna ?????????? ????????? ???????????????????
Low Earth Orbit (LEO satellites )
==================================
LEO ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? Lower orbit ??? ???????????? satellite ???????????????? ????????? ???????????? 95 -120 ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??? ????? LEO Sat ??????? ??????????????????? ???????? High Elevation ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????? High quality communication link ???? ??? ???????? ??????????
???????? ??????????????????? Data Compression Schemes ????????????????????? 2400 bit/s ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? Compression ??????? ????????????? LEOs ????? Omni-directional (????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????) ?????????? Mobile Phone Devices ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? Transmit Power 1W ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? Delay rate ????? 10 ms ?? ??????????? ?????? Long-distance wired connection (delay 5-10) ????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? Footprint ??? ?? ???????????????? frequency ??? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????? Cellular Network ?????? ????????????? ???????????????????? LEOs ????? GEOs ??? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ????????????????????
LEO Satellites ?????? Remote sensing ??? Mobile communication ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????????
???????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? Footprint ?????? ???????????????? Global Coverage ???????? LEOs ??? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? Global Coverage ???????? ISL (inter satellite link ) ???????? ????????????? LEOs ??????????? Routing Function ???????? interconnecting ????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ????????? LEOs ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ? The inner Van Allen belt1(????????? ????????????? Post ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ?????????????????? http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/622563/Van-Allen-radiation-belt ) ??? Radiation ????????????????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????? LEO Satellites ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ? LEOs ??? Data Routing ????? ?????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????????? GEO ????? Footprint ???????????????? ??????????????? Routing ?????????? ??????????????? Sender ??? Receiver ? Footprint ???????????? ????????????????????
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO Satellites)
================================
MEOs ????? GEO ??? LEO ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????????? MEOs ????? ?? ???????????? global coverage ????????????? ???????? GEO ??? ???????? ?????????? LEO ??? ????????????????????? ??? (????????? ????????????????????? GEO,LEO ??? MEO ??? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? Global coverage ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????) ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? (Inclination) ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? Routing ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? LEOs ??? ??? ???????? ?????????????? Delay rate ????? ???????????? ? 70 ??? 80 ms ????????? ????????? ????????????????? Transmit Power ?????????? ? Footprint ????????? ??????? ??? special antenna ????????????
Orbits ?????????
Radio Frequencies for space communication
=================================
Introduction
Satellite ??? Spacecraft (?????????)??? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?? ???????? ????????????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? Relay ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????? Communication ?? ????????? ?????????????? ????? Communicate ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? Optical Communications ????????????????? ? Electromagnetic Spectrum ???????????? Radio ??? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????????? Radio Spectrum ???? ????????????????
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ? ????????????? Frequency Allocation Table ??? (www.itu.int) website ???????????????????????????? ITU ? ??????????? ????????????????????????? Region III ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) (www.acma.gov.au) ??? ???????????????????????????? Spectrum Graphic ?????? ????????????????????? ITU ??????? ?????????????????????????????????
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
??????????????? ???????????? (?) ???????????????? ????????? ??????????????????
1) The nuclear strong force
2) The electromagnetic force
3) The nuclear weak force
4) The gravitational force
???????????????? ????????? nuclear ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? (nuclear bomb ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????..????)..? ??? gravity ??? ?????????????? electromagnetism ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????????
??????????? ????????? (Gravity) ??????? mass (??????) ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????????????????????????? (Electromagnetic) ?????????????? ??????? (Charge) ??????????????? (????) ???????????????? ??? ???????????????? ?? .. ??????????????? (Charge) ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? (Electrostatic Field) ???????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? (Constant Velocity) ???????? ?????????????????????? Charge ??? (Magnetic Field) ????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? Electromagnetic Radiation ??? ???????????????????
The Radio Spectrum
--------------------------------------------
?????? ??????????? ??????????? Radio Spectrum ??????????????????? Radio Spectrum ????? Electromagnetic Spectrum ??? ???????????? ?????????? 1Hz ??? 3000 GHz (or) 3THz ?????? ?????? Range ??????????? 3000 GHz ???????????? Infrared Spectrum ?? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? Frequencies ??? ?????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? Radio Spectrum ??? Bands ??? ????????? ????????????????
?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????? UHF / VHF ?????????? ???????????????? ???????? frequency ??? ??????????????????? ??????????????? (f) ??? frequency ??? ?????????? (?) ??? wavelength ??? ??????????????
Frequency (f) ????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? signal ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????
Wavelength (?) ????? ????????????? ?????????????? signal ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????
Frequency ??? Wavelength ???? ?????????? theory ????? f = c / ? ???
C ?????????? EM ??? velocity ??? c = 3 x 108 ???
?????????????????? frequency ??? ?????????? Hertz (Hz) ????????????? wavelength ??? ?????????? metres (m) ??? ????????????
The Radio Spectrum ( ???? )
================================
???? post ? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? Lower Frequencies ?????????? ULF ??? ELF ?? (1Hz to 100 Hz )?????????? ???????? ?????????? (1 Hz) ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ULF ??? 1Hz ??? ?????? band ???????????????
Microwave ????? wavelength less than 30 cm ???????????? Range ??? ?????????????? ??????? New generation microwave ??? ?????????????? Region ???????????? ??????????? frequency bands ??? ??? schemes ??? ?????????? ????????????????? Traditional Microwave scheme ????? space communication ??? ???????? ??????? ????????????? Generation ?????? ??????????????????
??? ?????? ???????? band ?????? ????????? ?????????? frequency ??????? ?????????????????????
???????? Band ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????????
????????? ????????? (windows to space)
==========================================
Electromagnetic Spectrum ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? (????) ???????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ???????? UV ??? frequencies ????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????
????????? EM spectrum ??? ????? ( visible light ) ??? radio spectrum ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? (Windows to space )???? ?????????????? ??????? radio spectrum ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? 30 MHz ??? 30 GHz ?????? ?? ??????????????????
30 MHz ??? ??????? Ionosphere ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????????? 30 GHz ??? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????????? troposphere ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ? 20-30 GHz ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????????
Space Communication Bands ????????????
================================
????????????? Bands ?????? ???????? space communication ??? ???????????????? ???????????????? End device band ????????????????????? ?????????????? frequencies ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????????
VHF Bands
----------------
VHF ????? ????????????????? short distance ?????? line of sight ?????? ??????????????????? short distance ????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ionosphere ??? atmospheric noise ??? ???????? lower frequencies ?????? ???????????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ? reflection ?????????????
(136-138 MHz)
?????????????????? Satellite type ???????????????? ????? ?? Band ??? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????????? Meteorological Satellite ???????? resolution ?????????? ???????????????? mobile satellite receiver ???????? data ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????
(144-146 MHz)
??????????????? amateur satellite ??? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????? band ????? 145-146 MHz ????????????
(148-150 MHz)
?? band ????? ????????????????? downlink 136-138 MHz ??? uplink band ??????????
(149.95 -150.05 MHz)
Satellite ?????????????? ? ?????? ? ????? frequency services ?????? ?????????? GPS ????????????????? US ??? Russia ??????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? Doppler effect ??????? ?????????????????? Doppler effect ????? Austrian ??????? Christian Doppler ? 1892 ??? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? frequency ??? wave ??????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ???????? satellite ????? 400 MHz ? signal ????????????????? ?? 150 band ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????
(240-270 MHz)
????????? ???????? satellite communication ??? ??????? band ??? ????????? ??band ??????????? (225- 380 MHz) ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????
space communication bands ???????????? ( ????)
===============================
UHF
----------
UHF ??? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ??? VHF ??? Line of sight ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? signal bounce ????? ?????????????????? ???????????? Walki-Talki ??? ? TV and Radio transmission ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????
UHF TV signal ?? ionosphere ?????????????????????????????????? ????? reflection ???????? ??????????????????????????? VHF ????????????????????????? ??????????????? skip distance ???????????? ? ???????????????
UHF ?? wavelength ?????? ???????????? frequency ???????????????? ??????????????????????? ????? radio wave ?????????????????? UHF ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????? Frequencies ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????????
(399.9-403 MHz)
?? band ?????? navigation , positioning , time and frequency ???? ????????????????? mobile communication (???? ???????????) ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? band ??? 400 MHz ?? 150 MHz ? ?????????????? ?? ????????????????????
(432-438 MHz)
??????????????? satellite ???? ???????????????
(460-470 MHz)
??????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????? uplink frequency ??????????
UHF band range ?? ?????????????? TV Radio Broadcasting , Cordless , Walki-talki ???? ????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????
???? ? ????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????( Wikipidia ?? ???????????????)
� 225�420 MHz: Government use, including meteorology, military aviation, and federal two-way use[6]
� 420�450 MHz: Government radiolocation and amateur radio (70 cm band)
� 433 MHz: Short range consumer devices including automotive, alarm systems, home automation, temperature sensors
� 450�470 MHz: UHF business band, General Mobile Radio Service, and Family Radio Service 2-way "walkie-talkies", public safety
� 470�512 MHz: TV channels 14�20 (also shared for land mobile 2-way radio use in some areas)
� 512�698 MHz: TV channels 21�51 (Channel 37 used for radio astronomy)
� 698�806 MHz: Was auctioned in March 2008; bidders got full use after the transition to digital TV was completed on June 12, 2009 (formerly UHF TV channels 52�69)
� 806�824 MHz: Public safety and commercial 2-way (formerly TV channels 70�72)
� 824�851 MHz: Cellular A & B franchises, terminal (mobile phone) (formerly TV channels 73�77)
� 851�869 MHz: Public safety and commercial 2-way (formerly TV channels 77�80)
� 869�896 MHz: Cellular A & B franchises, base station (formerly TV channels 80�83)
� 902�928 MHz: ISM band, amateur radio (33 cm band), cordless phones and stereo, radio-frequency identification, datalinks
� 929�930 MHz: Pagers
� 931�932 MHz: Pagers
� 935�941 MHz: Commercial 2-way radio
� 941�960 MHz: Mixed studio-transmitter links, SCADA, other.
� 960�1215 MHz: Aeronautical Radionavigation
� 1240�1300 MHz: Amateur radio (23 cm band)
� 1452�1492 MHz: Military use (therefore not available for Digital Audio Broadcasting, unlike Canada/Europe)
� 1575 MHz: GNSS L1 band�GPS, GLONASS, Galileo
� 1710�1755 MHz: AWS mobile phone uplink (UL) Operating Band
� 1850�1910 MHz: PCS mobile phone�order is A, D, B, E, F, C blocks. A, B, C = 15 MHz; D, E, F = 5 MHz
� 1920�1930 MHz: DECT Cordless telephone
� 1930�1990 MHz: PCS base stations�order is A, D, B, E, F, C blocks. A, B, C = 15 MHz; D, E, F = 5 MHz
� 2110�2155 MHz: AWS mobile phone downlink (DL) Operating Band
� 2300�2310 MHz: Amateur radio (13 cm band, lower segment)
� 2310�2360 MHz: Satellite radio (Sirius and XM)
� 2390�2450 MHz: Amateur radio (13 cm band, upper segment)
� 2400�2483.5 MHz: ISM, IEEE 802.11, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n Wireless LAN, IEEE 802.15.4-2006, Bluetooth, Radio-controlled aircraft, Microwave oven, ZigBee
Space communication bands ???????????? ( ????)
==================================
C bands
-----------
C Band ?? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? .
C Band ??? ????? ??????????? (Compromise Band) ?????????? Ku Band ??? ????????????? ??????????????? microwave range 4 to 6 GHz ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????? standard downlink frequency ? 3.7 - 4.2 GHz ???????? uplink frequency ????? 5.9 � 6.4 GHz ?????????? C Bands ??? Long distance radio telecommunications ??? ??????? ????????????? C Band ???????????? frequency ????????? wifi devices ??? ? cordless phone ??? ? weather radar system ??? ??? ????? satellite communications ??? ????????????? C Band ?? Ku Band (11.2 � 14.5 GHz) ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? satellites communication ??????????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????????
C Band ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????? (NATO C band ) ??? frequency 500 MHz � 1000 MHz ????????? ?????????????????? ??? Electronic Countermeasure (ECM) ?? ?????????????????? wavelength ? 0.6 m - 0.3 m ??????????? ???????? ??????? ITU ? IEEE ????? UHF Band ??????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????
?????????????????? IEEE C-Band ??????? ???????????? 4 � 8 GHz ???????? ???????? C Band ????? satellite ? ?? ?????????? commercial ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? band ??? C band ?? ???? ???????????????? S band ??? overlaps ??????????? ?????????
????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????? ???? 7.5 � 12 ?? ????? ????? consumer ?????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ????? ????????? GEO satellite ??? ????? Signal ?? ???????????? attenuation ? 200 dB ????????????????? ???????????????????? signal ??????????? ???????? C Band ?? ?????? ??????????????????? parabolic curvature type ??????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????? signal ????? microwatts ??????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? signal ?????? Low noise amplifier (LNA) ? ???????? ????????????? noise ??? ??? ???????????????????? Kelvin ??? noise temperature ??????table ??????? ????????????????? ????????? bipolar transistors ??? ????????? amplification ??????????????
???????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? VSAT ????????????? reliable ?????????????????????? ??????????????? (VSAT ??????????? ??????? post ????? ??????? ?????????????????? ) ?
?????.. ???????????????????? fiber optic communication ?????? c band ?? wavelength 1530 � 1565 nm ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? EDFAs fiber amplifiers ??? ??? ???????????
COPY BY
Satellite Communication Facbook
???????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? Satellite Communication Facbook
?? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????
????????????????? ??? Myanmar Satellite Station ?? ????????????????.....
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Satellite ?????? ???????????? telecommunication ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ?? ???????? Mobile application ????????????? ????.. ???????? ? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? TV/Radio ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????????????? ?????????????
1) Weather Forecasting
2)Radio and TV Broadcast
3)Military Purpose
4)Navigation
5)Global Telephone
6)Connecting Remote Areas
7)Global Mobile communication ??? ???????????????????
8) Internet ????????
???????? ???? ?????????? services ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ? Satellite ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ????????????????? Coverage area ??? Footprint ???? ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? Footprint ??? ????????????? satellite ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????? Footprint ???????? ??????????? ????? satellite ??? power ????????????? bandwidth ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? Ground Station ??? ??????? ????????? ??????????????
Satellite ????? ?? ????????????? ????? ???????? Focused ????????????? Data Transmissions ?????? ??????????????????????????? ????? Focused ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? Frequency Spectrum ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????
Satellite ??? Antenna ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? Design ????????????????????????? Satellite ???????????? design ?? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????
Satellite ????? ?????? ?????????????
----------------------------------------------------------------
Satellite ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? Microwave Repeater ?????????? Transponder ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? Satellites 750 ???????? ???????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????? Communication ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????????? communication ???????? ????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????? Satellite Communication ?? ???????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? Footprint Area ??? Satellite ?? Relay ????? ????????????? Point to Point (or) Point to Multi-point ???????????????? ????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????????? station ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????????????? ? ?????????????? satellite ??? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? Station A ?? Satellite ???? Transmission ??? Uplink ??????????? Satellite ??? Transponder ?? convert ???????????? ????? Station B ??? signal ????????????????? ???????? Downlink ???? ?????????
Satellites ????? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????????? (?????????) ?????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????????? satellites ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????????????????????
Fg (attractive force) = m.g.(R/r)2 (gravity equals)
Fc (centrifugal force) = m.r.w2 (Trying to pull satellite away equals)
Variables ???????? �.
m = mass of satellite
R = radius of earth ; R=6,370 km
r = distance of satellite to the center of the earth
g = acceleration of gravity ; g =9.81 m/s2
w = angular velocity ; w=2pf ; f is the frequency of rotation;
??????????????
Satellite ???????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? Fg=Fc
?????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????????????????? r = distance of satellite of ther center of the earth ??? ????????? formula ????? r=(g.R^2/(2pf)^2 ) 1)/3 ????????????????? rotation frequency ????? ??????????????????? ??????????? formula ??????????
Type of Satellites base on orbits
-------------------------------------------------------------
Satellite ????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ???????? (?) ????? ??????????????????
1) Geostationary or geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO)
2) Low Earth Orbit (LEO satellites )
3) Medium Earth Orbit (MEO satellites)
?) Geostationary or geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO)
====================================
GEO satellites ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????????????? GEO Satellite ???????? footprint ?? ??????????? ??.? % ??????? GEO Satellites ?????? ?????? ???????????????????? Coverage ??????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? GEO ????? ????????? ????? ??????????????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????? ????????? Satellite ??? ?????????????? ????????? TV/Radio ???????????????? ? ???????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????????? Telephone Networks ?????? Backbones ??? ???????? ?????????????????? ?
?????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ????????? (Low elevation) ??? ?????? Signal ??????????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????????? coverage ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? GEO ?????? Mobile Phones ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????? ???????? Transmit ???????? Battery Power ??????????????????????? ?????????????????? Signal ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? Delay ????? ????????????? ????????????? Special Antenna ?????????? ????????? ???????????????????
Low Earth Orbit (LEO satellites )
==================================
LEO ????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? Lower orbit ??? ???????????? satellite ???????????????? ????????? ???????????? 95 -120 ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ??? ????? LEO Sat ??????? ??????????????????? ???????? High Elevation ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????? High quality communication link ???? ??? ???????? ??????????
???????? ??????????????????? Data Compression Schemes ????????????????????? 2400 bit/s ??????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? Compression ??????? ????????????? LEOs ????? Omni-directional (????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????) ?????????? Mobile Phone Devices ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? Transmit Power 1W ?? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? Delay rate ????? 10 ms ?? ??????????? ?????? Long-distance wired connection (delay 5-10) ????????? ????????? ???????????????????????? Footprint ??? ?? ???????????????? frequency ??? ????????????????????? ????????????????????????? Cellular Network ?????? ????????????? ???????????????????? LEOs ????? GEOs ??? ?????????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?? ????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ????????????????????
LEO Satellites ?????? Remote sensing ??? Mobile communication ???????? ???????? ???? ?????????????
???????????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????? Footprint ?????? ???????????????? Global Coverage ???????? LEOs ??? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? Global Coverage ???????? ISL (inter satellite link ) ???????? ????????????? LEOs ??????????? Routing Function ???????? interconnecting ????????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ????????? LEOs ?????? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????? ? The inner Van Allen belt1(????????? ????????????? Post ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? ??? ?????????????????? http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/622563/Van-Allen-radiation-belt ) ??? Radiation ????????????????? ??????????????? ? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????? LEO Satellites ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ? LEOs ??? Data Routing ????? ?????????????????????????????? ? ???????????????? ?????????????? GEO ????? Footprint ???????????????? ??????????????? Routing ?????????? ??????????????? Sender ??? Receiver ? Footprint ???????????? ????????????????????
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO Satellites)
================================
MEOs ????? GEO ??? LEO ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????????? MEOs ????? ?? ???????????? global coverage ????????????? ???????? GEO ??? ???????? ?????????? LEO ??? ????????????????????? ??? (????????? ????????????????????? GEO,LEO ??? MEO ??? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????? Global coverage ?????????? ??????????????? ?????????????) ??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????? (Inclination) ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? Routing ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? LEOs ??? ??? ???????? ?????????????? Delay rate ????? ???????????? ? 70 ??? 80 ms ????????? ????????? ????????????????? Transmit Power ?????????? ? Footprint ????????? ??????? ??? special antenna ????????????
Orbits ?????????
Radio Frequencies for space communication
=================================
Introduction
Satellite ??? Spacecraft (?????????)??? ????????????? ??????????????????? ?? ???????? ????????????????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?????? Relay ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????? Communication ?? ????????? ?????????????? ????? Communicate ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? Optical Communications ????????????????? ? Electromagnetic Spectrum ???????????? Radio ??? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????????? Radio Spectrum ???? ????????????????
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ? ????????????? Frequency Allocation Table ??? (www.itu.int) website ???????????????????????????? ITU ? ??????????? ????????????????????????? Region III ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA) (www.acma.gov.au) ??? ???????????????????????????? Spectrum Graphic ?????? ????????????????????? ITU ??????? ?????????????????????????????????
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
??????????????? ???????????? (?) ???????????????? ????????? ??????????????????
1) The nuclear strong force
2) The electromagnetic force
3) The nuclear weak force
4) The gravitational force
???????????????? ????????? nuclear ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? (nuclear bomb ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????..????)..? ??? gravity ??? ?????????????? electromagnetism ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????????
??????????? ????????? (Gravity) ??????? mass (??????) ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????????????????????????? (Electromagnetic) ?????????????? ??????? (Charge) ??????????????? (????) ???????????????? ??? ???????????????? ?? .. ??????????????? (Charge) ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? (Electrostatic Field) ???????????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? (Constant Velocity) ???????? ?????????????????????? Charge ??? (Magnetic Field) ????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? Electromagnetic Radiation ??? ???????????????????
The Radio Spectrum
--------------------------------------------
?????? ??????????? ??????????? Radio Spectrum ??????????????????? Radio Spectrum ????? Electromagnetic Spectrum ??? ???????????? ?????????? 1Hz ??? 3000 GHz (or) 3THz ?????? ?????? Range ??????????? 3000 GHz ???????????? Infrared Spectrum ?? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? Frequencies ??? ?????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? Radio Spectrum ??? Bands ??? ????????? ????????????????
?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????? UHF / VHF ?????????? ???????????????? ???????? frequency ??? ??????????????????? ??????????????? (f) ??? frequency ??? ?????????? (?) ??? wavelength ??? ??????????????
Frequency (f) ????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? signal ??? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????
Wavelength (?) ????? ????????????? ?????????????? signal ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????
Frequency ??? Wavelength ???? ?????????? theory ????? f = c / ? ???
C ?????????? EM ??? velocity ??? c = 3 x 108 ???
?????????????????? frequency ??? ?????????? Hertz (Hz) ????????????? wavelength ??? ?????????? metres (m) ??? ????????????
The Radio Spectrum ( ???? )
================================
???? post ? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? Lower Frequencies ?????????? ULF ??? ELF ?? (1Hz to 100 Hz )?????????? ???????? ?????????? (1 Hz) ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ULF ??? 1Hz ??? ?????? band ???????????????
Microwave ????? wavelength less than 30 cm ???????????? Range ??? ?????????????? ??????? New generation microwave ??? ?????????????? Region ???????????? ??????????? frequency bands ??? ??? schemes ??? ?????????? ????????????????? Traditional Microwave scheme ????? space communication ??? ???????? ??????? ????????????? Generation ?????? ??????????????????
??? ?????? ???????? band ?????? ????????? ?????????? frequency ??????? ?????????????????????
???????? Band ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????????????
????????? ????????? (windows to space)
==========================================
Electromagnetic Spectrum ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? (????) ???????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ???????? UV ??? frequencies ????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????
????????? EM spectrum ??? ????? ( visible light ) ??? radio spectrum ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? (Windows to space )???? ?????????????? ??????? radio spectrum ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? 30 MHz ??? 30 GHz ?????? ?? ??????????????????
30 MHz ??? ??????? Ionosphere ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????????? 30 GHz ??? ????????????? ??????? ???????????????????? troposphere ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ? 20-30 GHz ???????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????????
Space Communication Bands ????????????
================================
????????????? Bands ?????? ???????? space communication ??? ???????????????? ???????????????? End device band ????????????????????? ?????????????? frequencies ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????????
VHF Bands
----------------
VHF ????? ????????????????? short distance ?????? line of sight ?????? ??????????????????? short distance ????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ionosphere ??? atmospheric noise ??? ???????? lower frequencies ?????? ???????????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ? reflection ?????????????
(136-138 MHz)
?????????????????? Satellite type ???????????????? ????? ?? Band ??? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ???????????????????? Meteorological Satellite ???????? resolution ?????????? ???????????????? mobile satellite receiver ???????? data ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????
(144-146 MHz)
??????????????? amateur satellite ??? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????? band ????? 145-146 MHz ????????????
(148-150 MHz)
?? band ????? ????????????????? downlink 136-138 MHz ??? uplink band ??????????
(149.95 -150.05 MHz)
Satellite ?????????????? ? ?????? ? ????? frequency services ?????? ?????????? GPS ????????????????? US ??? Russia ??????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? Doppler effect ??????? ?????????????????? Doppler effect ????? Austrian ??????? Christian Doppler ? 1892 ??? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????? frequency ??? wave ??????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ???????? satellite ????? 400 MHz ? signal ????????????????? ?? 150 band ????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????
(240-270 MHz)
????????? ???????? satellite communication ??? ??????? band ??? ????????? ??band ??????????? (225- 380 MHz) ??? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????
space communication bands ???????????? ( ????)
===============================
UHF
----------
UHF ??? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ??? VHF ??? Line of sight ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? signal bounce ????? ?????????????????? ???????????? Walki-Talki ??? ? TV and Radio transmission ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????
UHF TV signal ?? ionosphere ?????????????????????????????????? ????? reflection ???????? ??????????????????????????? VHF ????????????????????????? ??????????????? skip distance ???????????? ? ???????????????
UHF ?? wavelength ?????? ???????????? frequency ???????????????? ??????????????????????? ????? radio wave ?????????????????? UHF ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????? Frequencies ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ????????????
(399.9-403 MHz)
?? band ?????? navigation , positioning , time and frequency ???? ????????????????? mobile communication (???? ???????????) ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ?? band ??? 400 MHz ?? 150 MHz ? ?????????????? ?? ????????????????????
(432-438 MHz)
??????????????? satellite ???? ???????????????
(460-470 MHz)
??????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????? uplink frequency ??????????
UHF band range ?? ?????????????? TV Radio Broadcasting , Cordless , Walki-talki ???? ????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????
???? ? ????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????( Wikipidia ?? ???????????????)
� 225�420 MHz: Government use, including meteorology, military aviation, and federal two-way use[6]
� 420�450 MHz: Government radiolocation and amateur radio (70 cm band)
� 433 MHz: Short range consumer devices including automotive, alarm systems, home automation, temperature sensors
� 450�470 MHz: UHF business band, General Mobile Radio Service, and Family Radio Service 2-way "walkie-talkies", public safety
� 470�512 MHz: TV channels 14�20 (also shared for land mobile 2-way radio use in some areas)
� 512�698 MHz: TV channels 21�51 (Channel 37 used for radio astronomy)
� 698�806 MHz: Was auctioned in March 2008; bidders got full use after the transition to digital TV was completed on June 12, 2009 (formerly UHF TV channels 52�69)
� 806�824 MHz: Public safety and commercial 2-way (formerly TV channels 70�72)
� 824�851 MHz: Cellular A & B franchises, terminal (mobile phone) (formerly TV channels 73�77)
� 851�869 MHz: Public safety and commercial 2-way (formerly TV channels 77�80)
� 869�896 MHz: Cellular A & B franchises, base station (formerly TV channels 80�83)
� 902�928 MHz: ISM band, amateur radio (33 cm band), cordless phones and stereo, radio-frequency identification, datalinks
� 929�930 MHz: Pagers
� 931�932 MHz: Pagers
� 935�941 MHz: Commercial 2-way radio
� 941�960 MHz: Mixed studio-transmitter links, SCADA, other.
� 960�1215 MHz: Aeronautical Radionavigation
� 1240�1300 MHz: Amateur radio (23 cm band)
� 1452�1492 MHz: Military use (therefore not available for Digital Audio Broadcasting, unlike Canada/Europe)
� 1575 MHz: GNSS L1 band�GPS, GLONASS, Galileo
� 1710�1755 MHz: AWS mobile phone uplink (UL) Operating Band
� 1850�1910 MHz: PCS mobile phone�order is A, D, B, E, F, C blocks. A, B, C = 15 MHz; D, E, F = 5 MHz
� 1920�1930 MHz: DECT Cordless telephone
� 1930�1990 MHz: PCS base stations�order is A, D, B, E, F, C blocks. A, B, C = 15 MHz; D, E, F = 5 MHz
� 2110�2155 MHz: AWS mobile phone downlink (DL) Operating Band
� 2300�2310 MHz: Amateur radio (13 cm band, lower segment)
� 2310�2360 MHz: Satellite radio (Sirius and XM)
� 2390�2450 MHz: Amateur radio (13 cm band, upper segment)
� 2400�2483.5 MHz: ISM, IEEE 802.11, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n Wireless LAN, IEEE 802.15.4-2006, Bluetooth, Radio-controlled aircraft, Microwave oven, ZigBee
Space communication bands ???????????? ( ????)
==================================
C bands
-----------
C Band ?? ?????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? .
C Band ??? ????? ??????????? (Compromise Band) ?????????? Ku Band ??? ????????????? ??????????????? microwave range 4 to 6 GHz ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ?????? standard downlink frequency ? 3.7 - 4.2 GHz ???????? uplink frequency ????? 5.9 � 6.4 GHz ?????????? C Bands ??? Long distance radio telecommunications ??? ??????? ????????????? C Band ???????????? frequency ????????? wifi devices ??? ? cordless phone ??? ? weather radar system ??? ??? ????? satellite communications ??? ????????????? C Band ?? Ku Band (11.2 � 14.5 GHz) ??? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? satellites communication ??????????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????????
C Band ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????? (NATO C band ) ??? frequency 500 MHz � 1000 MHz ????????? ?????????????????? ??? Electronic Countermeasure (ECM) ?? ?????????????????? wavelength ? 0.6 m - 0.3 m ??????????? ???????? ??????? ITU ? IEEE ????? UHF Band ??????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????
?????????????????? IEEE C-Band ??????? ???????????? 4 � 8 GHz ???????? ???????? C Band ????? satellite ? ?? ?????????? commercial ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? band ??? C band ?? ???? ???????????????? S band ??? overlaps ??????????? ?????????
????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????? ???? 7.5 � 12 ?? ????? ????? consumer ?????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ????? ????????? GEO satellite ??? ????? Signal ?? ???????????? attenuation ? 200 dB ????????????????? ???????????????????? signal ??????????? ???????? C Band ?? ?????? ??????????????????? parabolic curvature type ??????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????? signal ????? microwatts ??????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? signal ?????? Low noise amplifier (LNA) ? ???????? ????????????? noise ??? ??? ???????????????????? Kelvin ??? noise temperature ??????table ??????? ????????????????? ????????? bipolar transistors ??? ????????? amplification ??????????????
???????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? VSAT ????????????? reliable ?????????????????????? ??????????????? (VSAT ??????????? ??????? post ????? ??????? ?????????????????? ) ?
?????.. ???????????????????? fiber optic communication ?????? c band ?? wavelength 1530 � 1565 nm ??? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? EDFAs fiber amplifiers ??? ??? ???????????
COPY BY
Satellite Communication Facbook
???????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? Satellite Communication Facbook
?? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????
????????????????? ??? Myanmar Satellite Station ?? ????????????????.....
TRACE
Asiasat 5 (100.5�E)
TRACE URBAN INTER HD
4132 H 10670 (MPEG4??/FTA)
3960 H 30000 (MPEG4??/FTA)
TRACE URBAN INTER HD
4132 H 10670 (MPEG4??/FTA)
3960 H 30000 (MPEG4??/FTA)
TO DAY VERY GOOD UPDATE CHANNELS
MTV SPORTS
SHAKTHI
SIRSA
Added on ses8 95.0�E
TP:12170 H 40700
MPEG2/FTA
$Bloomberg
Asiasat 3s/7 105.5�E
Freq: 3760 H 26000
MPEG2/FTA
FTA
Beinsport 1 Indonesia
Beinsport 2 Indonesia
MGM
Outdoor Channel &
Travel Channel FTA on
Measat 3/3a 91.5�E
TP:3920 V 29720 (C)
MPEG4/HD/FTA
Asiasat7@105.5E"C-Band"
Nat Geograpic Channel india.
TP.. 4000 H 26850
MPEG2/FTA
SES7@95E"Ku Band"
CSN SPORTS..Back on.
TP.. 12170 V 40700
MPEG2/FTA
Apstar7@76E"C-Band"
CSN SPORTS.. New Key 1000%
SID.. 0001
KEY.. 97 C6 7B D8 01 3C 7D BA
Asiasat.5@ 100.5E
Bein Network
TP.3700 V 30000
MPEG.4/HD BISS
BEIN SPORT 1 HK
Key. E205 0FF6 DFB7 EF85
BEIN SPORT 2 HK
Key. F2C7 00B9 79B4 FC29
BEIN SPORT 3 HK
Key. 6ADE 77BF B8B5 43B0
ASTRO Network
TP.11562 V 30000
Measat.3A@ 91.5�E
ASTRO CERIA
Key. C888 69B9 91CC 56B3
Nickelodeon Malaysia
Key. 95B6 3782 FDED 6F57
TV9
Key. 8701 7901 7A53 4613
ASTRO WARNA
Key. BADD 2AC1 22BA 03DF
ASTRO BOX OFFICE (MOVIES) Thangathirai
Key. 5FC4 A5C9 FE9B F78A
TP.11102 V 30000
ASTRO OASIS
Key. C220 F5D7 F1AF 7919
ASTRO RIA
Key. 58E4 5E9A 7ED7 98ED
ASTRO SUPER SPORTS
Key. F05B 5AA8 5F43 24C6
FOX SPORTS Malaysia
Key. 896C B2A7 A263 BCC1
STAR SPORTS Malaysia
Key. 41CB B8C4 EFB4 C86B
SHAKTHI
SIRSA
Added on ses8 95.0�E
TP:12170 H 40700
MPEG2/FTA
$Bloomberg
Asiasat 3s/7 105.5�E
Freq: 3760 H 26000
MPEG2/FTA
FTA
Beinsport 1 Indonesia
Beinsport 2 Indonesia
MGM
Outdoor Channel &
Travel Channel FTA on
Measat 3/3a 91.5�E
TP:3920 V 29720 (C)
MPEG4/HD/FTA
Asiasat7@105.5E"C-Band"
Nat Geograpic Channel india.
TP.. 4000 H 26850
MPEG2/FTA
SES7@95E"Ku Band"
CSN SPORTS..Back on.
TP.. 12170 V 40700
MPEG2/FTA
Apstar7@76E"C-Band"
CSN SPORTS.. New Key 1000%
SID.. 0001
KEY.. 97 C6 7B D8 01 3C 7D BA
Asiasat.5@ 100.5E
Bein Network
TP.3700 V 30000
MPEG.4/HD BISS
BEIN SPORT 1 HK
Key. E205 0FF6 DFB7 EF85
BEIN SPORT 2 HK
Key. F2C7 00B9 79B4 FC29
BEIN SPORT 3 HK
Key. 6ADE 77BF B8B5 43B0
ASTRO Network
TP.11562 V 30000
Measat.3A@ 91.5�E
ASTRO CERIA
Key. C888 69B9 91CC 56B3
Nickelodeon Malaysia
Key. 95B6 3782 FDED 6F57
TV9
Key. 8701 7901 7A53 4613
ASTRO WARNA
Key. BADD 2AC1 22BA 03DF
ASTRO BOX OFFICE (MOVIES) Thangathirai
Key. 5FC4 A5C9 FE9B F78A
TP.11102 V 30000
ASTRO OASIS
Key. C220 F5D7 F1AF 7919
ASTRO RIA
Key. 58E4 5E9A 7ED7 98ED
ASTRO SUPER SPORTS
Key. F05B 5AA8 5F43 24C6
FOX SPORTS Malaysia
Key. 896C B2A7 A263 BCC1
STAR SPORTS Malaysia
Key. 41CB B8C4 EFB4 C86B
TO DAY SOCCER CHANNELS
Serie A: Lazio vs Hellas Verona | 00.00 WIB - beIN SPORTS 1 HK HD
Serie A: Juventus vs Atalanta | 02.00 WIB - beIN SPORTS 1 HK HD, CSPN/CQTV
Premier League: Crystal Palace vs Liverpool | 02.00 WIB - ARIANA NATIONAL, TVNZ-TVC3, SCC Group, The Thao, feed Asiasat 5/Chinasat 10 HD
Liga BBVA: Real Sociedad vs Granada | 03.00 WIB - 3 SPORT, Sun Channel, feed Asiasat 5 HD
Insat 3A (93.5�E):
Ariana National
4141 V 5150 (MPEG2/FTA)
ST 2 (88.0�E):
SCC TV3
3587 H 12500 (C Band)
11050 V 30000 (Ku Band)
SID: 0103/0068
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
ST 2 (88.0�E):
SCC Varzesh/TV9 (Ku Band)
11050 V 30000 (MPEG4/$-BissE)
SID: 0116/0075
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Intelsat 19 (166.0�E):
TVNZ-TVC3
4166 V 4000 (MPEG2/$)
3947 V 4000 (MPEG2/$)
SID: 0001
AA AA 18 6C 18 DD DD D2
Chinasat 10 (110.5�E)
CSPN (C Band)
3723 V 4750 (MPEG4/BISS)
SID: 5678 / 22136
1A 2B 3C 81 4D 5E 67 12
Chinasat 6B (115.5�E):
CQTV
3808 V 6000 (MPEG2/FTA)
Vinasat 1 (132.0�E)
HTV 7
HTV 9
HTV-UPLINK
The Thao
3433 V 14800 (MPEG4/FTA)
3433 V 10600 (MPEG4/FTA)
3433 V 13600 (MPEG4/FTA)
Yamal 202 (49.0�E)
3 SPORTS
3951 L 3499 (MPEG4/FTA)
Serie A: Juventus vs Atalanta | 02.00 WIB - beIN SPORTS 1 HK HD, CSPN/CQTV
Premier League: Crystal Palace vs Liverpool | 02.00 WIB - ARIANA NATIONAL, TVNZ-TVC3, SCC Group, The Thao, feed Asiasat 5/Chinasat 10 HD
Liga BBVA: Real Sociedad vs Granada | 03.00 WIB - 3 SPORT, Sun Channel, feed Asiasat 5 HD
Insat 3A (93.5�E):
Ariana National
4141 V 5150 (MPEG2/FTA)
ST 2 (88.0�E):
SCC TV3
3587 H 12500 (C Band)
11050 V 30000 (Ku Band)
SID: 0103/0068
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
ST 2 (88.0�E):
SCC Varzesh/TV9 (Ku Band)
11050 V 30000 (MPEG4/$-BissE)
SID: 0116/0075
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Intelsat 19 (166.0�E):
TVNZ-TVC3
4166 V 4000 (MPEG2/$)
3947 V 4000 (MPEG2/$)
SID: 0001
AA AA 18 6C 18 DD DD D2
Chinasat 10 (110.5�E)
CSPN (C Band)
3723 V 4750 (MPEG4/BISS)
SID: 5678 / 22136
1A 2B 3C 81 4D 5E 67 12
Chinasat 6B (115.5�E):
CQTV
3808 V 6000 (MPEG2/FTA)
Vinasat 1 (132.0�E)
HTV 7
HTV 9
HTV-UPLINK
The Thao
3433 V 14800 (MPEG4/FTA)
3433 V 10600 (MPEG4/FTA)
3433 V 13600 (MPEG4/FTA)
Yamal 202 (49.0�E)
3 SPORTS
3951 L 3499 (MPEG4/FTA)
Friendly: Indonesia U19 vs Myanmar U19
LIVE NOW...
Friendly: Indonesia U19 vs Myanmar U19
Palapa D (113.0�E)
SCTV
3749 H 3125 (MPEG2/FTA)
3756 H 6250 (MPEG4/FTA)
Friendly: Indonesia U19 vs Myanmar U19
Palapa D (113.0�E)
SCTV
3749 H 3125 (MPEG2/FTA)
3756 H 6250 (MPEG4/FTA)
Update Channels
Breaking News..
Asiasat7@105.5E"C-Band"
NAT GEO WILD. Asia. on
TP.. 4000 H 26850
MPEG4/FTA
Enjoy Friends...
Apstar7@76E"C-Band"
CSN SPORTS..New Key.
Sid.. 0001
Key.. AE B4 18 00 54 CB DE 00
Thaicom5@78.5E"C-Band"
Grace tv.. started on
TP.. 3480 H 30000 MPEG2/FTA
Insat4A@83E"C-Band
OLLYWOOD CHANNEL.. Fta now
TP.. 3756 H 13333
MPEG4/FTA
SES7@95E (Dish Lanka)
New sate start.
CSN SPORTS.
Etc Lankan 24 Channels Fta start.
TP.. 12170 H 40700
MPEG2/FTA
Asiasat7@105.5E"C-Band"
NAT GEO WILD. Asia. on
TP.. 4000 H 26850
MPEG4/FTA
Enjoy Friends...
Apstar7@76E"C-Band"
CSN SPORTS..New Key.
Sid.. 0001
Key.. AE B4 18 00 54 CB DE 00
Thaicom5@78.5E"C-Band"
Grace tv.. started on
TP.. 3480 H 30000 MPEG2/FTA
Insat4A@83E"C-Band
OLLYWOOD CHANNEL.. Fta now
TP.. 3756 H 13333
MPEG4/FTA
SES7@95E (Dish Lanka)
New sate start.
CSN SPORTS.
Etc Lankan 24 Channels Fta start.
TP.. 12170 H 40700
MPEG2/FTA
WORLD CUP CHANNEL
WORLD CUP CHANNEL
Freq : 12694 V 30000, Mpeg2/KU
Band
Biss Key : 18 A6 8F 4D 01 5E 7F
DE
WORLD CUP CHANNEL
Freq : 3800 H 30000, Mpeg2/C
Band
Biss Key : 18 A6 8F 4D 01 5E 7F
DE
SUN CHANNEL SD
Freq : 3800 H 30000, Mpeg2
Biss Key : 72 75 2A 11 CF 31 19 19
T Sport
Freq 3520 H 28125
SID : 0015
Biss Key : 15 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
MEDIA BOOM
Freq : 3585 V 30000
SID : 03A0
BISS Key : 02 40 A1 E3 25 63 B7
3F
MEDIA CHANNEL
Freq : 3545 V 30000
SID : 012F
BISS Key : 02 40 A1 E3 25 63 B7
3F
BEC Ch 3 Test HD
Freq : 3810 V 4550
SID : 0001
BISS Key:33 35 55 00 77 79 99 00
BBTV HD,2222
Freq :3834 H 5400
SID : 0001, 0002
BISS Key : 24 68 AA 36 AA 97 53
94
BBTV CH 7
Freq :3825 H 4700
SID : 0001
BISS Key :24 68 22 00 22 97 53 00
TRUE 10
Freq : 3440 H 26666
SID : 0906/03B
BISS Key : 94 0D 6B 0C 03 A4 EA
91
NEW CH THAICOM 5(COLOR BAR)
BISS KEY Freq : 3880 H 30000
CH 8 : C8 2C E6 DA 2E A7 D8 AD
G25 : CC 55 69 8A B1 CF C6 46
3 SD : 84 04 D6 5E C8 65 C2 EF
BRIGHT TV : F4 E6 97 71 46 55 ED
88
TRUE 4U : E8 B9 8D 2E 5F B9 49
61
MONO TV : CF BD EB 77 09 B5 D1
8F
NEW TV : FF 4F 74 C2 09 0A BB CE
NOW TV : 20 EC D1 DD E3 15 56
4E
SPRING NEW : A2 8F 35 66 F9 10
AD B6
THAICOM 1 : 17 81 87 1F 38 97 43
12
THAICOM 4 : 3F 2D 4F BB 5B 8C
DC C3
TNN : F9 E0 F0 C9 7C 0C FF 87
THAICOM 3 : 7C 9C 59 71 48 14
39 95
VOICE TV : 87 B8 C7 06 16 8B 6A
0B
THV : 38 2A C7 29 F6 17 27 34
BISS KEY Freq : 3920 H 30000
3 HD : DC 01 7A 57 C8 18 B3 93
BBTV CH7 : C5 61 9D C3 45 D5
9A B4
3 FAMILY : 2523 E32B 6411 DB50
Freq : 12694 V 30000, Mpeg2/KU
Band
Biss Key : 18 A6 8F 4D 01 5E 7F
DE
WORLD CUP CHANNEL
Freq : 3800 H 30000, Mpeg2/C
Band
Biss Key : 18 A6 8F 4D 01 5E 7F
DE
SUN CHANNEL SD
Freq : 3800 H 30000, Mpeg2
Biss Key : 72 75 2A 11 CF 31 19 19
T Sport
Freq 3520 H 28125
SID : 0015
Biss Key : 15 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
MEDIA BOOM
Freq : 3585 V 30000
SID : 03A0
BISS Key : 02 40 A1 E3 25 63 B7
3F
MEDIA CHANNEL
Freq : 3545 V 30000
SID : 012F
BISS Key : 02 40 A1 E3 25 63 B7
3F
BEC Ch 3 Test HD
Freq : 3810 V 4550
SID : 0001
BISS Key:33 35 55 00 77 79 99 00
BBTV HD,2222
Freq :3834 H 5400
SID : 0001, 0002
BISS Key : 24 68 AA 36 AA 97 53
94
BBTV CH 7
Freq :3825 H 4700
SID : 0001
BISS Key :24 68 22 00 22 97 53 00
TRUE 10
Freq : 3440 H 26666
SID : 0906/03B
BISS Key : 94 0D 6B 0C 03 A4 EA
91
NEW CH THAICOM 5(COLOR BAR)
BISS KEY Freq : 3880 H 30000
CH 8 : C8 2C E6 DA 2E A7 D8 AD
G25 : CC 55 69 8A B1 CF C6 46
3 SD : 84 04 D6 5E C8 65 C2 EF
BRIGHT TV : F4 E6 97 71 46 55 ED
88
TRUE 4U : E8 B9 8D 2E 5F B9 49
61
MONO TV : CF BD EB 77 09 B5 D1
8F
NEW TV : FF 4F 74 C2 09 0A BB CE
NOW TV : 20 EC D1 DD E3 15 56
4E
SPRING NEW : A2 8F 35 66 F9 10
AD B6
THAICOM 1 : 17 81 87 1F 38 97 43
12
THAICOM 4 : 3F 2D 4F BB 5B 8C
DC C3
TNN : F9 E0 F0 C9 7C 0C FF 87
THAICOM 3 : 7C 9C 59 71 48 14
39 95
VOICE TV : 87 B8 C7 06 16 8B 6A
0B
THV : 38 2A C7 29 F6 17 27 34
BISS KEY Freq : 3920 H 30000
3 HD : DC 01 7A 57 C8 18 B3 93
BBTV CH7 : C5 61 9D C3 45 D5
9A B4
3 FAMILY : 2523 E32B 6411 DB50
Champions League
Champions League: Chelsea vs Atl�tico de Madrid | 01.45 WIB -
SCTV,
SCC TV3,
SCC TV9/Varz,
BEC Channel 3/CH3,
OromiyaaTV,
LNTV3,
3 SPORT,
NTV Russia,
SBS One,
SBS One HD,
CCTV 5,
feed Asiasat 5 HD
ST 2 (88.0�E):
SCC TV3
3587 H 12500 (C Band)
11050 V 30000 (Ku Band)
SID: 0103/0068
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
ST 2 (88.0�E):
SCC Varzesh/TV9 (Ku Band)
11050 V 30000 (MPEG4/$-BissE)
SID: 0116/0075
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Thaicom 5 (78.5�)
Feed BEC Channel 3 (Ch 3 Test HD)
3810 V 4550 (MPEG2/BISS)
SID: 0001
33 35 55 00 77 79 99 00
Thaicom 5/6A (78.5�E)
BEC Channel 3/CH3
3800 H 30000 (MPEG2/FTA)
Thaicom 5 (78.5�E)
OromiyaaTV
3640 H 28066 (MPEG2/FTA)
Thaicom 5 (78.5�E)
LNTV 3
3447 V 4375 (MPEG2/FTA)
Optus D1 (160.0�E)
One (MPEG4/FTA)
SBS One HD (MPEG4/HD/FTA)
12390 H 12600 (Ku Band)
Yamal 202 (49.0�E)
3 SPORTS
3951 L 3499 (MPEG4/FTA)
SCTV,
SCC TV3,
SCC TV9/Varz,
BEC Channel 3/CH3,
OromiyaaTV,
LNTV3,
3 SPORT,
NTV Russia,
SBS One,
SBS One HD,
CCTV 5,
feed Asiasat 5 HD
ST 2 (88.0�E):
SCC TV3
3587 H 12500 (C Band)
11050 V 30000 (Ku Band)
SID: 0103/0068
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
ST 2 (88.0�E):
SCC Varzesh/TV9 (Ku Band)
11050 V 30000 (MPEG4/$-BissE)
SID: 0116/0075
11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11
Thaicom 5 (78.5�)
Feed BEC Channel 3 (Ch 3 Test HD)
3810 V 4550 (MPEG2/BISS)
SID: 0001
33 35 55 00 77 79 99 00
Thaicom 5/6A (78.5�E)
BEC Channel 3/CH3
3800 H 30000 (MPEG2/FTA)
Thaicom 5 (78.5�E)
OromiyaaTV
3640 H 28066 (MPEG2/FTA)
Thaicom 5 (78.5�E)
LNTV 3
3447 V 4375 (MPEG2/FTA)
Optus D1 (160.0�E)
One (MPEG4/FTA)
SBS One HD (MPEG4/HD/FTA)
12390 H 12600 (Ku Band)
Yamal 202 (49.0�E)
3 SPORTS
3951 L 3499 (MPEG4/FTA)
WORLD CUP CHANNEL SD
Thaicom 5/6 at 78.5�E
WORLD CUP CHANNEL SD
Freq : 12685 V 30000
Mpeg2 / KuBand
SID 0072
Biss Key : 18 A6 8F 4D 01 5E 7F DE
WORLD CUP CHANNEL SD
Freq : 12685 V 30000
Mpeg2 / KuBand
SID 0072
Biss Key : 18 A6 8F 4D 01 5E 7F DE
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